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Does the knowledge we get in robotics help us in everyday life to repair things like an electric kettle or a computer?

Yes, because robotics is an expansive field which involves working with electronics, programming and mechanics. The skills you gain in electronics assist you in repairing home appliances. 

Does TinkerCAD have an app that you can download and use offline?

Yes, TinkerCAD has an app you can download but it needs access to the cloud to use it as well. The offline version hasn't been developed yet. You can access TinkerCAD via the web using a browser of your choice like Chrome, Opera and others.

How does a motor move in both anticlockwise and clockwise direction?

A motor is a non-polarized (connecting both terminals to positive or negative in reverse order makes it work regardless) electronic component that spins. It needs electrical energy from either batteries(DC voltage) or AC voltage to spin. Connecting the positive terminal of the motor to the negative terminal of the battery and negative terminal of the motor to the positive terminal of the battery makes it spin in an anticlockwise direction and when you switch the connection then it spins in a clockwise direction. That is how it is able to spin in both directions.

How does a slide switch work?

A slide switch is part of SPDT switches. SPDT in full is Single Pole Double Throw. This means it has one COMMON and two terminals to enable switching from one end to the other. It is essential you use the COMMON and one terminal unless you want to control two loads at different intervals(use the COMMON and both terminals).

How do I know the current the light emitting diode is supposed to operate with?

There are always electronics data sheets online that will give you information about a LED and threshold voltage it can operate with. You can also use Ohm's law V=IR where V is the voltage R is the resistance and I is the current to calculate it.

When I added a resistor to the motor looks like power increased and the motor was spinning faster, why is that?

According to Ohm's law when you increase voltage current reduces and when you reduce voltage current increases. The reason why your motor was spinning faster was because of this principle. Though that's not always the case using a capacitor on the motor would make it work efficiently because the capacitor will act as a smoothener for the current and the motor would spin in a balanced way. In conclusion It's not recommended to use a resistor on a motor.

What do those colors on fixed value resistors mean?

Those are resistor color codes and each color represents a number in a resistor color code chart. The numbers are then used to determine the amount of resistance the resistor has in Ohms.

Why are some digital pins on the Arduino UNO with a sine wave?

These are special digital pins on the Arduino UNO board that have capabilities of pulse width modulation. This means these can be configured to send a signal as analog pulse or in simple terms to fake analog signals. Some applications include brightness of a LED, decelerate and accelerating a motor. These are not actual analog signals but the digital signal of 1 or 0 is converted into a range of values. These pins are 3,5,6,9,10,11 on all Arduino UNO boards.

There are many Ground(GND) pins on the Arduino UNO board, are they all different?

All the Ground pins on the Arduino board are all one line, they are connected together like one line of negative. In case you need more ground pins you can consider using something like a breadboard and you extend the GND pins.

What does V.C.C mean?

 In simple terms this is positive voltage or the positive side of an electronic component. Or positive signal/side of a battery.

What does RESET on the Arduino UNO board do?

The reset helps you run the code on the Arduino UNO board from the beginning. That is normally done to debug any errors.

What is the use of TX and RX on the Arduino board?

 TX means transmit and RX means receive. These are pins dedicated for serial communication by default. 

What are variables?

Variables are storage space in computer memory. Different variables have different variables types like integers, strings , characters e.t.c. 

Is there a particular in which code is executed?

Yes, execution happens line by line.

Can we connect any other components to pin 13 on the Arduino UNO?

Yes. Though there is an on board LED on the board. That LED is for troubleshooting purposes to test whether your Arduino board works. But you can connect anything to it if the provision for it is empty.

What is the different between an Arduino UNO board and a motherboard?

 They have similarities in a way that they both act as brain in the systems in which they are placed. Though they different in what they process. Also their characteristics are different in terms of circuitry, Memory and how they manipulate data and communicate and their purposes in general.